Age of Reform-Pre-Test

Negotiation between union leaders and business management is called

collective bargaining

During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

What would be labor’s first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?

collective bargaining

How did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights? Check all that apply.

-They joined unions. -They formed women’s suffrage organizations. -They won property rights.

What were the major problems in the British parliamentary system? Check all that apply.

-Only five percent of the population was able to vote. -Only wealthy landowners were able to vote. -Large cities were extremely underrepresented.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

They used force to end union activities.

Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?

Lewis Hine

Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until

the 1920s.

Britain abolished slavery

in 1833, before the United States did.

Why was this picture most likely taken?

to expose the horrors of child labor

When union leaders negotiate with business management, it is called

collective bargaining

As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because

working conditions were horrible.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

Britain abolished slavery

in 1833, before the United States did.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

They used force to end union activities

What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?

as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions

The word for political or social change is

reform

What would be labor’s first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?

NOT joining a union

During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased

Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?

Lewis Hine

Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until

the 1920s

A major accomplishment of Britain’s Reform Act of 1832 was that it gave voting rights to

NOT former enslaved persons. NOT all males.

What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor?

Labor’s work hours were limited.

In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor?

NOT Laws passed in both countries prohibited children under 14 from working.

What moderate reforms did European socialists support? Check all that apply.

assistance for the poor better working conditions minimum wage laws

In a free market, supply and demand determines

the type and number of goods produced.

According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a

communist revolution

Adam Smith believed that fair prices for goods are determined in a capitalist system

through competition between businesses.

In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx hypothesized that capitalism would fail if workers

NOT revolt

Karl Marx developed the economic theory of

communism.

In a dictatorship of the proletariat, who controls the government?

working classes

Which statement best explains Smith’s point?

Businesses acting in their own interests expect something in return for their services.

During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories?

a gap between rich and poor

What two principles form the basis for capitalism?

NOT private ownership and equal wealth

Those who believed in a communist revolution believed that workers would rise up, eventually leading to

NOT a new form of capitalism.

The three main ideas behind capitalism as defined by Adam Smith are

NOT laissez-faire, regulation, and self interest.

In general, which best explains why communist revolutions did not happen?

Capitalist governments enacted reforms.

What two principles form the basis for capitalism?

private ownership and free markets

Which best explains what Marx hoped to get across?

Workers are slaves and should be inspired to revolt.

Working conditions were horrible.

As the 1800’s progressed, demands for labor reform increased. What was the main reason for this?

Social protest and to protect themselves from poor working conditions.

What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?

They used force to end union activities.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

The change from hand goods to machine goods

What was industrialization?

the movement to end slavery

What is abolition?

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.

During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?

A highly religious man who tried to end slavery in Britain.

Who was William Wilberforce?

In 1807, he achieved a ban on British slaves.

How was William Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, able to affect the future of slavery in Britain?

In 1833, before the United States.

When did Britain abolish slavery?

It gave voting rights to the middle class.

What was a major accomplishment of the British Reform Act of 1832?

1920’s

When did women get the right to vote in Britain and the United States?

Lewis Hine

Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?

Political or social change

What is reform?

A worker negotiating with an employer for better working conditions or pay

What is collective bargaining?

Collective bargaining

What would be labor’s first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?

laws that limited child labor and provided a little education at their place of work

What are the Factory Acts?

Labor’s work hours were limited.

What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts affected labor?

Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed.

What happened, in the 1870’s, in both the United States and Britain that limited child labor?

It abolished slavery.

What did the 13th amendment do?

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800’s?

Only 5% were able to vote.
Only wealthy landowners were able to vote.
Large cities were extremely underrepresented.

What were 3 major problems of the British parliamentary system?

The joined unions.
They formed women’s suffrage organizations.
They won property rights.

Name 3 ways did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights?

Workers can lose their jobs.
Factory production can be stopped.
Profits can be threatened.
Strikes sometimes can turn violent.

Name 4 things that can happen when unions decide to strike.

Why was this picture most likely taken?

to expose the horrors of child labor

When union leaders negotiate with business management, it is called

collective bargaining

As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because

working conditions were horrible.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

Britain abolished slavery

in 1833, before the United States did.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

They used force to end union activities

What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?

as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions

The word for political or social change is

reform

During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased

Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?

Lewis Hine

Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until

the 1920s

What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor?

Labor’s work hours were limited.

In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor?

Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed in both countries.

What moderate reforms did European socialists support? Check all that apply.

assistance for the poor better working conditions minimum wage laws

In a free market, supply and demand determines

the type and number of goods produced.

According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a

communist revolution

Adam Smith believed that fair prices for goods are determined in a capitalist system

through competition between businesses.

Karl Marx developed the economic theory of

communism.

In a dictatorship of the proletariat, who controls the government?

working classes

Which statement best explains Smith’s point?

Businesses acting in their own interests expect something in return for their services.

During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories?

a gap between rich and poor

In general, which best explains why communist revolutions did not happen?

Capitalist governments enacted reforms.

What two principles form the basis for capitalism?

private ownership and free markets

Which best explains what Marx hoped to get across?

Workers should unite in the communist movement.

What were the major problems in the British parliamentary system? Check all that apply.

Only five percent of the population was able to vote. Only wealthy landowners were able to vote. Large cities were extremely underrepresented.

How did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights? Check all that apply.

They joined unions. They formed women’s suffrage organizations. They won property rights.

What two principles form the basis for capitalism?

private ownership and free markets

Workers competed for jobs in the model factory started by Robert Owen because

he built schools.

As economic theories, socialism and communism sought to

even out inequalities of wealth.

What does the author argue is most responsible for America’s wealth?

the achievements of individuals who have worked to create wealth for themselves

What are the characteristics of capitalism? Select all that apply.

Farms and factories are owned by private individuals. People are free to pursue their own self-interests. Supply and demand determine which goods, and how many, are produced.

What was the authors’ most likely purpose in writing this passage?

to inspire the workers of the world to join the communists

According to Smith, what is the primary economic motivation for most people?

to find employment where they can make the most money

According to the passage, how do people pursuing their own self-interests benefit society?

The highest-paying jobs are also those that benefit the society the most.

What is the main idea of this passage?

Industrialization has created poor working and living conditions for the people.

Which of these lines from the text provides a clue that Engels is a socialist and therefore opposed to capitalism?

"the attempts of the proletariat to rise above this abasement"

In terms of production, what best describes the difference between capitalism and socialism?

Capitalism is a system in which goods are made by private businesses, but socialism stresses government control over production.

During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories?

a gap between rich and poor

What can happen when unions decide to strike? Check all that apply.

Factory production can be stopped. Police can prohibit the strike. Profits can be threatened. Strikes sometimes can turn violent. {WRONG}