|
C |
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer. A tunica media B tunica adventitia C tunica intima D tunica externa |
|
C |
In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow. A fenestrated capillaries B metarterioles C sinusoid capillaries D continuous capillaries |
|
C |
Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels? A They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue. B Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells. C The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter. D They distribute blood to various parts of the body. |
|
B |
Which of the following would have the least influence on blood pressure? A cardiac output B white blood cell count C blood volume D peripheral resistance |
|
A |
Peripheral resistance ________. A increases as blood viscosity increases B decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel C increases as blood vessel diameter increases D is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals |
|
A |
The velocity of blood flow is ________. A slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest B slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries possess a relatively large diameter C in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels D slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter |
|
D |
Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure? A chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes B baroreceptor-initiated reflexes C neural controls D renal regulation |
|
A |
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? A Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood. B The skin will be cold and clammy. C Blood flow to the kidneys increases. D Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. |
|
A |
If a person stands up suddenly from the prone (lying) position they may feel a sudden dizzy or lightheadedness. Which of the following is the least likely physiological response to this situation? A increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart B faster heart rate and greater heart contractility C increasing peripheral resistance due to vasoconstriction D increased sympathetic output to the heart |
|
A |
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. A capillaries B arterioles C veins D arteries |
|
C |
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A tunica adventitia B tunica externa C tunica media D tunica intima |
|
B |
The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________. A arterioles B muscular arteries C elastic arteries D capillaries |
|
D |
Which statement best describes arteries? A All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. B All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. C Only large arteries are lined with endothelium. D All carry blood away from the heart. |
|
C |
The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________. A insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary B significant because resistance is directly proportional to the blood vessel diameter C significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius D the only factor that influences resistance |
|
A |
Due to the branching of arteries the type of arteries that would be most numerous would be ________. A arterioles B muscular arteries C pulmonary arteries D elastic arteries |
|
D |
Which of the following would not be expected from taking a diuretic drug? A lower plasma volume B decreased blood pressure C increased urine output D greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion |
|
A |
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following? A altering blood volume B reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers C reflex arcs involving baroreceptors D chemoreceptors |
|
B |
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension? A 140/90 B 170/96 C 120/80 D 110/60 |
|
D |
If a person were to have substantial blood loss you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to except one. Select the least likely response to substantial blood loss. A increasing vasomotor tone B increases peripheral resistance C a weak, thread pulse D decreased heart rate |
|
C |
The pulse pressure is ________. A diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure) B systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure C pressure minus diastolic pressure D systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure |
|
C |
The pulse rate depends on all of the following except one. Select the one answer the does not affect a pulse rate reading. A emotions B activity C the vessel selected to palpate D postural changes |
|
C |
Which of the following chemicals effects blood pressure for both the short and long term? A aldosterone B nitric acid C angiotensin II D atrial natriuretic peptide |
|
C |
Which of the following is least involved in pulmonary circulation? A left atrium B right ventricle C superior vena cava D pulmonary arteries and vein |
|
A |
Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance? A blood vessel diameter B total blood vessel length C blood vessels type D blood viscosity |
|
D |
Factors that aid venous return include all except ________. A activity of skeletal muscles B pressure changes in the thorax C venous valves D urinary output |
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