A & P Chap 7 HW

If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the intervertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _________.

reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back. The intervertebral disc and space that it occupies provides room for vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae to flex and extend the vertebral column (spine).

A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development.

maxillae The palatine processes of the maxillae form the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate.

Dysplasia of the hip may occur due to congenital malformation of the __________.

Pubis The hip bone consists of three separate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. At the point of fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis is a deep hemispherical socket called the acetabulum on the lateal surface of the pelvis. The acetabulum receives the head of the femur, or thigh bone, at this hip joint. In dysplasia of the hip, the acetablulum forms incompletely or the ligaments of the hip joint are lose, so the head of the femur slips out of its socket.

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton?
a. bones that form the pectoral girdles
b. bones that form the lower limbs
c. bones that form the facial skeleton
d. bones that form the pelvic girdle

c. bones that form the facial skeleton

Which of the following bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. hyoid bone
b. sternum
c. humerus
d. mandible

c. humerus

Which bone is considered to be the keystone of the cranium?
a. sphenoid
b. mandible
c. temporal bone
d. ethmoid

a. sphenoid The sphenoid bone is considered to be the keystone of the cranium because it forms a central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones.

The ________ is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone.
a. hyoid bone
b. vomer
c. temporal bone
d. clavicle

a. hyoid bone The hyoid bone does not articulate directly with any other bone. Instead, it is anchored by the stylohyoid ligaments to the styloid process of the temporal bones.

The frontal bone forms the ________.

anterior cranium

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parietal bones?

a. They are paired.
b. The four largest sutures occur where the parietal bones join to other bones.
c. They form the bulk of the cranial vault.
d. They form the base of the skull.

d. They form the base of the skull. The base of the cranium (skull) is formed by the occipital bone (not the parietal bones).

Which bone serves as an enclosure for the pituitary gland?
a. zygomatic bone
b. mandible
c. sphenoid bone
d. ethmoid bone

c. sphenoid bone The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone serves as an enclosure for the pituitary gland.

Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?
a. temporal bone
b. vomer bone
c. sphenoid bone
d. ethmoid bone
e. occipital bone

a. vomer bone The vomer is not a cranial bone; it is a facial bone.

Most facial bones articulate with the ________.
a. nasal bones
b. mandible
c. vomer
d. maxillary bones

d. maxillary bones The maxillary bones (maxillae) are considered the keystone bones of the facial skeleton. They form the central part of the facial skeleton, articulating with all facial bones except the mandible.

The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the ________.
a. lacrimal fossa
b. lateral walls of the nasal cavity
c. orbits
d. nasal septum

d. nasal septum The vomer and ethmoid bones form the bony parts of the nasal septum. The vomer forms the inferior portion of the septum. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior portion of the septum.

The movable base of the tongue is the ________.
a. hyoid bone
b. vomer
c. mandible
d. palatine bone
e. ethmoid bone

a. hyoid bone The hyoid bone acts as a movable base for the tongue. It is unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate directly with any other bone.

Which vertebrae articulate with the ribs?
a. thoracic
b. cervical
c. lumbar
d. sacral

a. thoracic All of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs.

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton?
a. five
b. seven
c. 10
d. 12

a. five A typical adult skeleton has five lumbar vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and seven cervical vertebrae.

The ________ articulate(s) with the hip bones of the pelvis.
a. lumbar vertebrae
b. sacrum
c. coccyx
d. thoracic vertebrae

b. sacrum

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
a. herniated disc: dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature
b. lordosis: rupture of the annulus fibrosus
c. kyphosis: accentuated lumbar curvature
d. scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature

d. scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature that occurs most often in the thoracic region of the vertebral column.

The spinal cord passes through the ________.
a.lamina of the vertebrae
b. spinous process of the vertebrae
c. intervertebral foramina
d. vertebral foramina

d. vertebral foramina The body and vertebral arch of a typical vertebra form a region called the vertebral foramen. When adjacent vertebrae are stacked, their vertebral foramina form the vertebral canal that accommodates the spinal cord.

The ribs that attach to the sternum are called ________.
a.floating ribs
b. false ribs
c. true ribs
d. vertebral ribs

c. true ribs The superior seven rib pairs, called true ribs, attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages.

Which of the following is a bone marking of the humerus?
a. styloid process
b. radial notch
c. radial tuberosity
d. deltoid tuberosity

d. deltoid tuberosity The deltoid tuberosity is a marking of the humerus. It is a roughened site where attachment to the deltoid muscle of the shoulder occurs.

Choose the FALSE statement.
The female pelvis is tilted further forward than the male pelvis.
The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male.
The pubic arch is broader in the pelvis of a female than in the pelvis of a male.
The female pelvis is thinner than that of a male.

The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male. This is false; the pelvic outlet is narrower in a male than in a female. The female pelvis is modified for childbearing; it is wider, shallower and lighter than the male pelvis. The male pelvis has thicker/heavier bones with more prominent bone markings, acetabula that are larger and closer together, and a narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet.

Which bone acts as a brace to hold the arms out and away from the body?

clavicle

Which of the following does NOT form part of the thoracic cage?
sternum
thoracic vertebrae
ribs
clavicle

clavicle The clavicle is a part of the pectoral girdle; it does not form part of the thoracic cage.

The largest and strongest bone in the body is the ________.

humerus
tibia
patella
femur

femur The femur is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the body. Its durable structure reflects the stress exerted on the femur as it bears the weight of the body when standing, walking, or running.

How are the male and female pelves different?

The pelvic inlet is heart-shaped in the male. The female pelvis is modified for childbearing; it is wider, shallower and lighter than the male pelvis. The male pelvis has thicker/heavier bones with more prominent bone markings, acetabula that are larger and closer together, and a narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet.

The arch that runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other is the ________.

transverse arch The transverse arch runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other. It follows the line made by the joints between the tarsals and metatarsals.

Which is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the body?

femur Its durable structure reflects the stress exerted on the it as it bears the weight of the body when standing, walking, or running.

Fontanelles do NOT ________.
a. contribute to formation of the hard palate
b. allow for slight compression of the skull during birth
c. allow for brain growth in the fetus and infant
d. ossify within the first two years after birth

a. contribute to formation of the hard palate The maxillae and palatine bones contribute to formation of the hard palate.

Old age affects many parts of the skeleton. Which of the following is NOT associated with old age?

a. The vertebrae become more porous and likely to fracture.
b. The thoracic cage becomes more rigid as costal cartilages ossify.
c. The mandible continues to grow and thicken.
d. The intervertebral discs become thinner and less elastic.

c. The mandible continues to grow and thicken. On the contrary, as the bony tissue of the jaws declines, the jaws (including the mandible) look small and childlike once again.

What structures allow the infant’s head to be compressed slightly during birth and accommodate brain growth in the fetus and infant?

fontanelles

The scapulae articulate with the axial skeleton.
True
False

False The only part of the pectoral girdle that articulates with the axial skeleton is the clavicle.

What bone articulates (joints) with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

femur