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allele |
alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism. |
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dominant |
observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait. |
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fertilization |
fusion of male and female gametes |
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gamete |
male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs. |
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genetics |
branch of biology that studies heredity |
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genotype |
combination of genes in an organism. |
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heredity |
passing on of characteristics frojm parents to offspring |
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heterozygous |
when there are two different alleles for a trait |
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homozygous |
when there are two identical alleles for a trait |
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hybrid |
offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait. |
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law of independent assortment |
Mendelian priciiple stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other. |
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law of segregation |
Mendelian principle explaining that because each pant has 2 different alleles, it can produce 2 different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles. |
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phenotype |
outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes. |
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pollination |
from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species. |
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recessive |
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait. |
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trait |
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive. |
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zygote |
diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg. |
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