According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, the term ________ correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them. |
retreatist |
If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish |
deterrence. |
Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called |
white-collar crime. |
In his study of New England’s Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that |
even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community. |
According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong? |
ritualist |
Prostitution is widely regarded as a |
victimless crime. |
One of the social foundations of deviance is that |
deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms. |
Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that |
mental illness is a myth so that "insanity" is only "differences" that bother other people. |
A hate crime is defined as |
a criminal act motivated by race or other bias. |
Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender is |
retribution. |
The concept of due process refers to |
the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of the law. |
Organized crime refers to |
any business that supplies illegal goods or services. |
Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among |
low-income youths. |
According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include |
the idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity. |
Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as |
a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person’s self-concept. |
Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______. |
social control |
According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, the term ________ would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone, who made a lot of money breaking the law. |
innovator |
Crimes against the person" includes all but |
burglary. |
"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime |
refers to a violation of norms enacted into law. |
In Robert Merton’s strain theory of deviance, ___________ refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them. |
innovation |
Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses. They called their analysis |
containment theory. |
Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved |
through plea bargaining. |
An example of the "medicalization of deviance" is |
theft being redefined as a "compulsive stealing." |
"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of |
deviance. |
According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, the term _______ correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system. |
rebel |
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