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A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:
A. elevate his legs and keep him warm.
B. administer 100% supplemental oxygen.
C. apply direct pressure to the wound.
D. ensure that his airway is patent
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C
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A palpable pulse is created by:
A. the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart.
B. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries.
C. electrical conduction in the heart producing ventricular contraction.
D. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
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D
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An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:
A. obtaining baseline vital signs.
B. gathering medical history data.
C. providing immediate transport.
D. airway, breathing, and circulation.
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D
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An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
A. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
B. Eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension
C. Opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion
D. Opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain
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D
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During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
A. before you load the patient into the ambulance.
B. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding.
C. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.
D. immediately after completion of your primary assessment.
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C
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In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:
A. back of the neck.
B. forehead and face.
C. lips or oral mucosa.
D. dorsum of the hand.
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C
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Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. whether or not the patient is deteriorating.
B. the patient’s response to your treatment.
C. the nature of any newly identified problems.
D. the reason why the patient called EMS.
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D
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The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
A. gross physical signs that you detect on assessment.
B. most life-threatening condition that you discover.
C. condition that exacerbates an underlying problem.
D. most serious thing the patient is concerned about.
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D
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The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
A. 90 to 120 seconds.
B. 120 to 180 seconds.
C. 60 to 90 seconds.
D. 30 seconds.
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C
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Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
A. area hospitals have been notified.
B. the number of patients is known.
C. a physician arrives at the scene.
D. all the patients have been triaged.
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D
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What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
A. Jaw-thrust maneuver
B. Head tilt-chin lift
C. Tongue-jaw lift
D. Head tilt-neck lift
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A
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When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
Select one:
A. approach him from behind and ask him not to move.
B. assess his mental status by having him move his head.
C. stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head.
D. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.
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C
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When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
A. become larger.
B. become smaller.
C. not react.
D. dilate.
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B
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Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?
A. Asking a neighbor to secure the patient’s dog
B. Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel
C. Rapidly assessing a patient’s respiratory status
D. Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle
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C
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Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
A. Drug overdose
B. Acute anxiety
C. Poisoning
D. Inadequate perfusion
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C
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Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?
A. A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness
B. A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears
C. A 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea
D. A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis
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D
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Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
A. The exact location of a patient’s injuries can be determined by the MOI.
B. A significant MOI always results in patient death or permanent disability.
C. A nonsignificant MOI rules out the possibility of serious trauma.
D. The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient’s injuries.
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D
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Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?
A. The secondary assessment should be performed en route to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the patient’s condition.
B. During the secondary assessment, the EMT’s primary focus should be on taking the patient’s vital signs and obtaining a SAMPLE history.
C. A secondary assessment should always be performed, even if you must continually manage life threats that were identified in the primary assessment.
D. The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.
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D
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You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
A. immediately cease all patient care, carefully back out of the residence, and request law enforcement assistance.
B. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.
C. document the presence of the weapon, including its specific location, and continue your assessment of the patient.
D. direct your partner to move the gun to a safe area and then advise the patient that his weapon has been secured.
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B
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You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
A. is restless and is working hard to breathe.
B. has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.
C. is anxious, tachycardic, and leaning forward.
D. has an increased heart rate and retractions.
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B
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