Perception

Introduction Gestalt theory originated in Austria and Germany as a reaction against the associationist and structural school`s atomistic orientation (an approach which fragmented experience into distinct and unrelated elements). Gestalt studies made use instead of phenomenology. This method, with a tradition going back to Johann Wolgang von Goethe, involves nothing more than the description of…

Introduction   Mary Whiton Calkins was a woman who dedicated her entire life to the field of psychology and philosophy. She is best known as the first woman president of both American Psychological and Philosophical Associations and for being denied her doctorate from Harvard. Her courage, and her ability to tide over all the obstacles…